Combined shaving and burnishing tool



Patented Nov. 18, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED E. DRISSNER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL'ACMI COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, 0310,' CORPORATION OF OHIO.

COMBINED SHAVING AND BURNISHING- CIlOOL.l

v 'Application led November 5, 1921. Serial No. 518,207.

To all whom it may concer/n.'

Be it known that I, Ammo E. DRIssNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Shaving and Burnishing Tools, `of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machine tools, more particularly to that form thereof known as burnishing tools or rolls, the object thereof being to provide a burnishing tool or roll which will also shave the work simultaneously with the v burnishing thereof, whereby both the operations of shaving and burnishing are effected by the same tool instead of as heretofore, by separate tools. A

A further object of this invention is to provide a'tool adapted to shave the work and at the Same time to burnish it, which A will be economical and facile to manufacshave the work while the smooth surfaces of the tool or roll adjacent to such cutting edges are effective to burnish or polish the work. One of the important advantages of this invention resides in the fact that the tool will penetrate the surface of the work considerably deeper than burnishing or shaving tools heretofore constructed, and as a result of this construction, the work before being operated upon by the present tool does not have. to be cut as smooth and true inorder to obtain a. polish, free from scratches, as in the case of the work prior to being burnished by tools heretofore used.

Thus, the present'combined tool having relatively deep penetrating cutting edges will shave olf any ridges on the work left by the preceding tool, thereby leaving a clear polished or burnished surface. v

Furthermore, the spiral groove having one or more cuttin edges is preferably open at one or both en s and preferably has a range of operation greater than-the length of the work whereby the chips or the like removed from the' work will be carried into and through the groove to the free end or ends thereof, thus permitting the tool to be automatically cleared of the chips.

Other objects of the invention will appear in the'following description thereof, reference being had to the -accompanying drawing forming a part-of this specification, wherein like reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the` several views, and in'which Fig. 1 is an end elevation of my improved combination tool; Fig. 2'is a side view thereof, the work being illustrated diagrammatically; and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section thereof.

In its preferred form my improved combined shaving and burnishing tool comprises' a suitable rotatable member or roller 9, the

same being constructed in lany preferred i shape or form and also of a width suited to the particular work in hand. This rotatable member or roller 9 is suitably faced on each side and bored so as to be adapted lto receive a holder 10. It is of course unde stood that the bore in the roller may be f any desired diameter or shape in order to accommodate various types of holders. In the outer surface or periphery of the roller is machined a spiral groove 11, the same in the present instance being open at both ends, as illustrated at 12, or in other words the groove extends ina spiral manner about the roller preferablyY from one lateral edge to the opposed edge thereof.

The surface of this roller is ground after hardening and as a` result of the construction, sharp cutting edges 12 and 13 are formed by the grooves, two being preferably shown in this instance in order to provide a reversible tool. 'The lead or effective range of operation of the groove, which is herein shown as defined between the lateral edges 14 and 15 of the roller is preferably greater or longer than thelength ofthe work to be burnished and shaved, as is indicated in Fig. 2 between the lines 16 and 17. For example, if the work is one inch long, the leadv or range of operation of the groove 11 may be at least one and one-eighth inches long.. The purpose of this construction` 1s to permit the chips resulting from shaving to be cleared when the roller revolves over the work after the first revolution, it being understood that the chips from the work are carried into and through the groove 11 to the open end12 thereof.

In` the operation of the tool as shown herein, in its preferred' form, the work is preferably rotated, as by power, and upon carrying the tool or roll 9 into engagementI with the face of the work, the roll is caused to rotate with theI work, since as shown herein, it is rotatably mounted u on the shaft or holder 10 thereby causingt espiral cutting edge to shave the work while the 4burnishing thereof is taking place, that is to say, this spiral cutting edge does the shaving whilethe4 adjoining and intermediate smooth surface of the roll does the burnishing, so that the roll 9 is rotated by the work and is effective to perform the ,combined operation of shaving and burnishing at the same time by the same roll. As shown herein, the tool operates merely by engagement of the faces of the tool and thework and there is no endwise shifting of the tool as a wholeacross the face of the work, that is to say, the roll has no longitudinal or endwise movement on its holder or shaft 10, and while in practice either the work or the noll or both might be driven by power, yet this has not been found to be necessary, as entirely satisfactory results vhave been obtained by rotating the Work and merely holding the shaving and burnishing roll in v engagement therewith.

In other words, as shown herein, the tool is primarily intended lfor use with such machines as multiple spindle screw machines wherein the work is rotated so that -various tools will perform certain operations thereon, and when these operations are completed then the work or the burnishingftool is brought into engagement one with the other, thereby. tol perform its operations, but the particular manner of supporting or effecting the operation of the work and the tool one relatively to the other is not believedl to lbe material to a complete understanding of the improvement which has to do primarily with the construction of the tool roll. f

It has been4 found that the relative diameters of thework and the 'roll should be different, that. is, the diameter of one should be smaller orlarger than that of the other and in the present instance the roll is shown as having the larger diameter.l

imanes llt is a well known fact among those familiar withI burnishing tools, that the work to be burnished leaves the cutting or lforming tools with a series of ridges and grooves, which may be likened very much to a toothed or serrated surface, so that. when the ordinary burnishing tool is used against the points of these seri-ations or ridges the effect is to mash them down, that is, to turn or bend over theseslightly projecting surfaces or ridges, and in consequence, when the work was subsequently hardened, these bent-over portions would peel olf; therefore in order to avoid this, the work had to be shaved by one tool to shave ofi these ridges or points, and then subsequently burnished' by a burnishing roll. This meant of course the use of two separate and distinct tools, involving considerable loss of time and additional labor, and therefore increased expense, but in the present improve- A to shave through the medium of the cutting edges of the spiral groove and to burnish through the medium of the adjacent surfaces of the roll, the work of shaving and burnishing may be said to be done in one-half the time heretofore required, and with equally good, if not superior results, and certainly so where the work was burnished only.

v In the present instance it will be seen that the angle formed by the side wall of the groove and the face of the tool is substantially no greater than a right angle. For the purpose of doing the proper work, for which the tool isl designed, it is not intended, that the out of the spiral groove shall be any deeper than the depth of the ridges, scratches, or the like to be removed from the face of the work, although it hasl been found in practice that the tool will scratches, since such scratches or roughened surface will be effectively removed by this improved tool whereas heretofore if a clear polish free' from tool scratches was desired without any shaving of the work subsequent to the forming or cuttingl thereof, it

was necessary that the surface be cut very smooth and true in order that the burnis'hing toolproduce a reasonably clear polish or smooth surface, and even then the surface would frequentl peel or scale.

It will be un erstood that the wir th and depth of this groove depend upon the diameter of the workl and the amount of room required in the -groove for the lreception and passage of the chips from the work, and it will also be understood thatthe width, length, diameter and shape of the roller may also be varied iin accordance with the particular work to be burnished and shaped, the important feature of the present inven- A tion residing in the provision ofafrotatable member having a spiral groove preferably forming a plurality of cutting edges which rmay be open at one or both `ends to permit the clearance of chips of the groove,l the construction being such as to enable the single tool to both shave and burnish the work in an eiicient and effective lmanner.

It will also be observed that by virtue of the opposed cutting edges I2 and 13 formed 2o by the groove, the -tool is reversible and therefore may be rotated in either direction as deslred. In the present instance the groove 11, which may be of any suitablewidth and depth, is provided with Subset tially straight or parallel side Walls forming preferably right angled cutting edges 12 and'l7 one thereof operative to shave the work during the operation of the tool in one direction and the other operative in the same manner during the operation of thev tool in a reverse direction. 'Thus a reversible rotary tool effective to hsimultaneously shave(and burnish the work in a single operation is provided by virtue of the present inven- .35 tion, the reversely operative right angled cuttlng edges/12 and '13 being shown as a continuous groove therebetween extending spirally from oneend of the tool to the other and forming a channel or passage adapted to automatically convey the chips or the like from the point of operation.

As a result of the present improvement in burnishing tools or rolls a very much improved method of lburnishing the work is obtained.

Although I have described my invention in its preferred form herein shown and described, it isl to' be understood that I do not limit myself to this construction, except in' so far'as defined in the claims or embraced within'the scope thereof, since I believe that I am the first to provide a burnishing roll with both a shaving or cutting portion and a burnishing portion,-in other words the first-.to provide a single combined shaving land burnishing tool or roll operative 'to si! multaneously shave and, burnish the wonk, and this regardless ofhow the cutting or burnishing surfaces are formed and whether or not the cutting surfaces are formed by a single spiral groove or a plurality thereof. -In other words, I believe I am the first toprovide a combined shaving and 'burnishing rlloperative to burnish the work while the shaving thereof is proceeding.

I claim as invention:-

1. A combined burnishing and` shavingA tool having a burnis ingsurface, and.' having between the ends of said burnishing sur- 3. A burnishing tool having a burnish-y ing surface and having between the ends of such burnishing surface a spiral cutting or shaving edge.

4. NA combined burnishing and shaving roll having a burnishing surface and having between the ends of such burnishing'. surface a spiral cuttingl r shaving edge operative to shave the work during the burnishing thereof.

\ 5. A burnishing roll having therein a sliral groove provided with opposed cutting e ges.

'6. A burnishing rollhaving a burnishing surface having therein a spiral groove terminating 'at the ends of the roll and effective to convey the chips away from the work, said groove' having a cutting edge Yeffective to shave the work as the burnishing thereof proceeds. y' J Y 7 The combination of means for rotatably supporting a piece of work to be' burnished, a rotary burnishing roll,` means for supporting it in juxtaposition to the work, said burnishing roll having a burnishing surface, and between the ends of such burnishing surface a spiral cutting or shaving edge, said roll having a different diameter from the work to be shavedor burnished.

`8. The combination of\means for r/otat nished, a rotary burnishing roll, means for supporting it in juxtaposition to the work,

said burnishing -roll having a burnishing sur-v face, and between the ends of such burnishing surface a spiral cutting or shaving edge, said roll having a greater diameter than lthe work to be shaved or burnished.

9. Th'e combination of a stationary sup- 'porting means, a rotary yburnishing roll mounted thereon for rotation and having a burnishing surface and having between the ends of such `burnishing.,' "s rface a s iral cutting or shaving edge, wherebyon t ejuxtaposltion of the roll to a rotary piece ofJwprk the roll will b'e rotated on its stationary supporting means. d

`10. The combination of a rotary burnishingvroll having a spiralcutting edge, for supporting saidroll, and means for tatably supporting the work tov be shavfg' y 11. 'I he combination of a rotary burnishing means being rotatable, whereby the burnishing roll will be rotated by the work.

12'. The 'combination of a rotary burnishing'roll having a spiral cutting edge, means for. supporting said roll, and means for rotatably supporting the work to bev shaved and burnished by the roll, one of said supporting means being rotatable relatively to the other, whereby the work and the roll .will be rotated one Ifrom the other, the Work and the roll having different diameters.

13, yThe combination of a rotary burnish- Jroll having a spiral cutting edge, means for supporting said roll, and means for rotatably supporting the Work to be shaved and burnished by the roll, one of said supporting means' being rotatable relatively to the otheif whereby the Work and the roll will be rotated one `from the other, the work and the roll having different diameters, said spiral Cutting edge being formed by a groove vefectiveto convey the chips away from the work.

14. A tool of the class ydescribed comprising a roll effective to burnish the work and having a spiral groove intersecting the burnishing surface provided with a cutting edge, whereby on the rotation of said roll it will both shave and burnish the work simultaneously.

15. AA -tool of the class described comprising a'roll effective to burnish the work and having a spiral groove intersecting the burnishing surface provided with a cutting edge, whereby on the rotation of said roll it will both shave and burnish the work simultaneously, saidv groove so terminating that the chipsl from the work will be conveyed away therefrom.

16. A rotary. burnishing roll with a burnishing surface having therein a single` spiral groove provided with a cutting ed e.

17. A combined shaving and burnis ing tool. comprising a roll having a spiral groove therein with the edge thereof forming a cutting or shaving portion and the surface of the roll at 'the side of said 'groove forming -a burnishing surface and both operative simultaneously to shaveand burnish the work.' i

18. A burnishing roll with aburnishing surface having therein a spiral groove provided with a cutting edge, the width of the groove being less than fthe width of an ad- ]'acent surface of thea roll. 4'

19. 'lhecombination of work' supporting means for supportingthe work to be burnished, a burmshing roll with a burnishing surface having therein a spiral groove provided with a cutting edge,` the width of the 'of in a reverse direction, an

`peripheral surface lof the roll burnishing surface, said roll having wit matassa groove being less than the width of an ad jacent surface of the roll and said roll-havn1 ing a diameter different from the Work to the face ofthe roll being located at substantially a right angle, thereby forming a cutting edge constructed to shave the workduring the burnishing thereof by the roll.

21. A reversible burnishing roll having therein opposed cutting edges. i

22. A burnishing roll with a'burnishing surface having a spirally formed groove therein provided with a cutting edge, the lead of the groove beingsomewhat longer than the work to be shaved and burnished.

23. A combined reversible shaving and burnishing roll with a burnishing surface having between the ends of such burnishing vsurface means for shaving and o erative to burnish the work While the shavmg thereof is proceeding.

24:. A combined burnishing and shaving roll having a spiral cutting edge e'ective to shave during the operation of thefroil in one direction, and a spiral cutting edge effective to shave during the operation of the rollin the reverse direction and either operative during the burnishing of the work by the roll.

25. A reversible tool for shaving and burnishing the work having a pair of cutting edges extendin toward the opposite ends of the tool, one t ereof operative during the operation of the tool in one direction and the other operative during the o eration thereeither operative during the burnishing of the work.

26. A combined shaving and burnishing roll, the peripheral surface of the roll form ing a `burnishin surface, said roll having within said perip eral surface a cutting surface agdapted to shave the work simultaneporting a piece of work to be burnished, av

combined shaving and burnishing roll, the ormin a said peripheral `surface a cutting surface adapted to shave the work simultaneously.

with the burnishing thereof and said roll having a diameter different from the diameter of the Work to be operated upon.

28. The method of shaving and burnishinfr a piece of work which consists in providing` a roll with a burnishing surface hav- ,fing therein a spiral cutting or shaving portion, then rotatably supporting lit 1n juxtaposition to a rotatable piece of work, said burnishing roll and work having different diameters, and then rotatingv one of said! rotatable partsthereby to'rotate the other,

thereby to simultaneously shave and burnish ihe work.

29. The method of shaving and burnishing a piece of work which consists in providing a. roll having a burnishing surface provided therein with a spiral cutting or shaving portion, then rotatably supporting it in juxtaposition to a rotatable work roll, said rolls having different diameters, then rotating said Work roll `thereby to rotate the 10 burnishing roll.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 28th day of October, 1921.

ALFRED E. DRISSNER. 

